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BATTLE NARRATIVE

To Tinian Town Tinian: 30 July 1944

Formerly the seat of the Tinian Branch Bureau of the South Seas Government – “a title more imposing than the town itself” – Tinian Town nestled against the island’s western coast, sandwiched between two piers. “Buildings for the most part were light and thin, looking as if they had been thrown together in an afternoon,” writes Carl Hoffman. “They stood elbow to elbow as if supporting each other: homes, stores, school, hairdressing parlor, theater, phonograph shop, fish-monger’s stall, Shinto temple and Buddhist temple.” Ogata and Oya’s men added bunkers and fortifications to the town, creating interlocking fire lanes that would have proved deadly to an invading force. Unfortunately for the Japanese, their leaders were so convinced of a landing at Tinian Town that every fortification faced towards the sea, and was vulnerable to attack from any other direction. Bombardments effectively leveled the town in the days leading up to the invasion. “In most instances, the town’s streets could not be distinguished from its buildings; the entire area was a mass of rubble,” Hoffman continued.[1] By the morning of J-plus-6, virtually all surviving Japanese troops had deserted this indefensible ruin.

The flattened ruins of Tinian Town, July 1944. USMC photo.
A camouflaged bunker overlooking the beach at Tinian Town. USMC photo.
Machine gun emplacement at the center of Tinian Town. USMC photo.

The last-ditch attempt to protect Tinian Town occurred in the outskirts on the morning of July 30. As BLT 1-24 continued their advance along the coast, a cliff on their left flank suddenly erupted with heavy small-arms fire. A reconnaissance patrol from Baker Company, with Captain Milton G. Cokin in charge, nearly met the same fate as 2Lt. John J. Loughrey‘s Charlie patrol of the day before. FM1c Joseph Claude Irene Boisclair, a nineteen-year-old field musician from Sanford, Maine, planted himself in front of Cokin and started shooting back. Although his primary specialty was that of a bugler, Boisclair was also an expert rifleman and had qualified with an arsenal of weaponry, including pistols, bayonets, grenades, and machine guns.[2] In combat, he served as Captain Cokin’s runner. “We were together constantly, through some very dangerous times,” Cokin related. “He never left my side. He was my closest friend and advisor and protector…. One of the bravest and most courageous men I have ever seen in action.”[3] Cokin already had the young Marine on his decoration list for carrying an important message across 500 yards of open ground at Saipan on July 7, 1944, braving infiltrators and friendly fire alike. As the Baker Company party dove for cover, Jimmy Boisclair provided covering fire, killing five Japanese soldiers before receiving a fatal bullet wound in the stomach. His parents would later receive two medals – a Bronze Star for Saipan, and a Silver Star for Tinian.[4]

"Marines under sniper fire, July 30." Able Company's UNIS code, 412, is painted on the radio handset – which appears in photos taken on Iwo Jima the next year. USMC photo.
Jimmy Boisclair

In the Able Company sector, PFC Robert W. Mason stood up and aimed his bazooka at a pillbox pinning down his squad. “Peepsight” Mason destroyed the fortification with a few well-placed shells and was wounded in the process, earning both a Bronze Star and the Purple Heart.[5] The company had two Marines killed: Private LeRoy J. Heath, a replacement with the company for just four days, and Corporal Richard T. Grosch, in the ranks for just over a year. Grosch, a scout for the machine gun platoon, had just returned to duty after falling ill on Saipan. He missed the landings and the banzai, only to be shot by a hidden sniper.

Once again, Marine armor helped clear out the caves, and BLT 2-24 arrived to help with mopping up. By noon, LtCol. Otto Lessing’s outfit was in a position to assault Tinian Town itself. Beyond the caves, the sector was eerily quiet – so much so that the war diary mentioned “a break for lunch,” making the attack sound like a picnic excursion. Accompanied by “a formidable array of tanks, halftracks, and am-tracks [LVTAs],” Charlie Company led the final push into the outskirts of the largest settlement on the island.[6]

Peepsight Mason
"Outskirts of Tinian Town, Co. C/24." An M4 named "Gizmo" provides security. USMC photo.
"Marines of the 4th Division as they move in on Tinian Town during the capture of the island." USMC photo.
"Co. C/24 entering Tinian Town at 1400, D-plus-6." Gizmo is accompanying the advance. USMC photo.
Moving cautiously into the railyards north of Tinian Town; likely a unit of BLT 1-24. USMC photo.

The town was empty save for one bewildered Japanese man – the only enemy alive or dead in the rubble. When he offered to resist, Tinian Town’s lone defender was obliterated by Marine fire.[7]

The Marines set up security and patrolled for any other holdouts, but when the afternoon stayed quiet, a few gave in to the old temptation of souvenir hunting. PFC Harry R. Gunther (C Co) was peeking behind the still-standing walls when he spotted “a huge safe.” An excited buddy ran off to find a tank. “Could you blow open that safe and get us in there?” he asked. The tanker obligingly opened fire. “It was all loaded with money and stamps,” continued Gunther. “We’d found a post office and bank.”[8] Almost all military supplies and gear found in the caves around the town were booby-trapped, and more potent explosives were found on the beaches: six anti-personnel mines and 78 one-hundred-pound anti-boat mines were removed by engineers.[9] If anyone still questioned the wisdom of landing on the White Beaches, their complaints were quieted by the piles of mines and abandoned fortifications.

Dead Japanese soldiers in a pit with anti-boat mines, July 30 1944. USMC photo.

By 1700, upper echelons were satisfied that Tinian Town posed no further threat and the assault troops moved out to secure a night position in fields to the south. All was quiet until 0200, when a company-strength counterattack supported by three tanks struck at the right flank held by BLT 1-24. This assault was broken up and driven off by concentrated mortar and artillery fire.[10] “It is now apparent that the enemy will attempt to make a final defensive stand on the high ground in the extreme southeastern portion of the island,” decided VAC intelligence officers. “The enemy may elect, however, to organize for a final counterattack in an effort to destroy as many of our troops as possible. This capability must be given serious consideration in light of his reactions near the end of previous engagements. The counterattack will probably be as strong as the availability of combat troops estimated to be from 2000 – 3000 remaining on the island, and the degree of control that the commander is able to maintain in executing this capability.”[11]

In one week, the Second and Fourth Marine Divisions had captured four-fifths of Tinian – meaning that all surviving Japanese military forces, plus an unknown number of civilians, were compressed into an ever-shrinking area. “The Marines wondered when and where the showdown fight would develop,” wrote Carl Hoffman. “Although there could be no serious question regarding the outcome of any enemy effort at this late date, everyone realized that the fighting in a given sector could be vicious and bloody…. No one took the enemy’s capabilities lightly.”[12] Only the greenest replacements imagined that the end of the island meant the end of hostilities. Those who witnessed the horrors of Marpi Point barely three weeks before knew the potential for chaos and tragedy was all too real.

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Footnotes
  1. Hoffman, Tinian, 5.
  2. “Local Servicemen,” The Sanford Tribune (Sanford, ME), December 3 1942.
  3. Tammy Wells, “Honoring Sanford’s falled World War II veterans,” The Journal Tribune Weekend (Biddeford, ME), May 9, 2015.
  4. “Boisclairs Receive Medals Posthumously Awarded Son,” The Sanford Tribune (Sanford, ME), November 15, 1945.
  5. “Lt. G. H. Wenborg Missing; Cpl. Mason Given Bronze Star,” The Minneapolis Star Journal, January 9, 1945.
  6. 24th Marines War Diary (April-September 1944), entry dated 30 July 1944.
  7. Hoffman, Tinian, 97.
  8. Gunther, 2023 interview.
  9. V Amphibious Corps, “Report of Marianas Operation, Phase III (Tinian),” (12 August 1944), 361.
  10. Ibid., 259.
  11. Ibid., 364.
  12. Hoffman, Tinian, 101.

Battalion Daily Report

Casualties, Evacuations, Joinings & Transfers
0

KIA/DOW

0

WIA & EVAC*

0

SICK

0

JOINED

0

TRANSFERRED

0

STRENGTH

Out of an original landing strength of 599 officers and men.
* Does not include minor wounds not requiring evacuation from the line.
NameCompanyRankRoleChangeCauseDispositionProfile
Boisclair, Joseph Claude IreneBakerFM1cMusician/RunnerKilled In ActionGunshot, abdomenRemoved for burialView
Davis, Ray Henry Jr.HeadquartersPFCScoutWounded In ActionGunshot, left chestEvacuated to USS ReliefView
Flores, Ben RossHeadquartersPhM2cCorpsmanSickUnknownEvacuated, destination unknownView
Grosch, Richard TheodoreAbleCorporalMachine GunnerKilled In ActionGunshot woundsRemoved for burialView
Hart, Donald RichardAbleCorporalSquad LeaderReturned To DutyView
Heath, LeRoy JohnAblePrivateMortarmanKilled In ActionArtillery fireRemoved for burialView
Hendershot, Cecil FloydAblePFCBARmanWounded In ActionUnknown (slight)Not evacuatedView
Kupczak, Daniel RichardBakerPrivateArtillerymanWounded In ActionUnknownEvacuated, destination unknown
Locatelli, PeterCharlieSergeantSquad LeaderWounded In ActionUnknownEvacuated, destination unknownView
Luckage, Michael RichardHeadquartersPrivateRiflemanWounded In ActionUnknownEvacuated, destination unknownView
Lykins, Edward LaverneAblePFCMortar Squad LeaderSickUnknownEvacuated, destination unknownView
Mason, Robert WhitneyAblePFCBazookaWounded In ActionShrapnel, multipleEvacuated, destination unknownView
Morgan, Lilbert WinfordCharliePFCSquad LeaderWounded In ActionUnknownEvacuated, destination unknownView
Parks, Horace CharlesCharlieCaptainCompany COWounded In ActionUnknown (slight)Not evacuatedView
Rementer, Albert Francis Jr.HeadquartersPFCDriverSickUnknownEvacuated, destination unknownView
Rudolewicz, Stanley PeterAblePFCRiflemanSickUnknownEvacuated, destination unknown
Salvato, Rafaelo AndrewAblePrivateRiflemanReturned To DutyView
Santillo, Orest JosephHeadquartersCorporalAmmo techDied of WoundsWIA on 7/25/1944To cemetery on SaipanView
Tilden, William AustinHeadquartersPFCAmmo CarrierWounded In ActionBurns, multipleEvacuated, destination unknownView
Watkins, Robert ErnestBakerCorporalBARmanSickUnknownEvacuated, destination unknownView
Baker, William JessaminHeadquartersLieutenant (j.g.)Assistant SurgeonSickUnknownEvacuated, destination unknownView

Taps

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